Present Perfect Tense: Fungsi, Contoh Kalimat, dan Latihan Soal

Apa Itu Present Perfect Tense?

Present Perfect Tense is a verb tense used to connect the past with the present. It is commonly used for experiences, recent actions, and unfinished time periods.

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense adalah tense dalam bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan pengalaman, tindakan yang baru selesai, atau kejadian di masa lalu yang masih berhubungan dengan saat ini.

Tense ini dibentuk dengan has/have + past participle (verb 3).

Rumus Present Perfect Tense                                                              

Sentence Type	Formula	Example
Positive	Subject + have/has + Verb 3	She has finished her work.
Negative	Subject + have/has + not + Verb 3	She has not finished her work.
Question	Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3?	Has she finished her work?   Yes, he has / No, he hasn't

Penggunaan Present Perfect Tense

a) Pengalaman Sampai Sekarang

Untuk pengalaman hidup tanpa menyebut waktu spesifik.

Contoh:

I have visited Japan.

(Saya sudah pergi ke Jepang)

She has tried sushi.

(Dia sudah mencoba makanan Sushi)

b) Tindakan Baru Selesai

Untuk kejadian yang baru selesai dan hasilnya terasa sekarang.

Contoh:

He has just arrived.

(Dia barusan sampai/tiba)

I have finished the report.

(Saya sudah menyelesaikan laporanya)

c) Kejadian Berlangsung Sampai Sekarang

Untuk sesuatu yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung.

Contoh:

They have lived here for ten years.

(Dia sudah tinggal di sini selama sepuluh tahun)

We have known each other since 2015.

(Kami sudah saling mengenal sejak tahun 2015)

d) Pencapaian

Untuk prestasi atau hasil.

Contoh:

She has won many competitions.

(Dia sudah memenangkan banyak kompetisi)

Scientists have discovered a new planet.

(Ilmuwan sudah menemukan sebuah planet baru)

Time Signal Present Perfect Tense

Kata keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan:

already

just

yet

ever

never

since

for

recently

so far

lately

Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

1) I have eaten breakfast.

(Saya sudah sarapan)

2) She has gone to school.

(Dia sudah berangkat sekolah)

3) They have completed the project.

(Mereka sudah menyelesaikan proyeknya)

4) We have watched that movie.

(Mereka sudah menonton filmnya)

5) He has lost his wallet.

(Dia telah kehilangan dompetnya)

6) I have never seen snow.

(Saya belum pernah melihat salju)

7) She has already called me.

(Dia sudah menelpon saya)

8) They have lived here since 2020.

(Mereka sudah tinggal di sini sejak tahun 2020)

9) We have known him for years.

(Kami sudah kenal dia selama bertahun-tahun)

10) The teacher has checked our homework.

(Guru sudah memeriksa PR kami).

Cara Membentuk Verb 3

Regular Verbs (Perubahan kata kerja beraturan)

Tambahkan -ed

work → worked

clean → cleaned

play → played

Irregular Verbs (Perubahan kata kerja tidak beraturan)

Bentuk berubah

go → gone

eat → eaten

write → written

see → seen

Apa Perbedaan Present Perfect dan Simple Past?

Simple Past digunakan untuk kejadian selesai di waktu tertentu di masa lalu, sedangkan Present Perfect berhubungan dengan sekarang.     

Simple Past	Present Perfect
I visited Bali last year.	I have visited Bali.
She finished the task yesterday.	She has finished the task.
We saw that movie last night.	We have seen that movie.

Kesalahan Umum yang Sering Terjadi

Salah:

She have finished her work.

Benar:

She has finished her work.

Salah:

I have went there.

Benar:

I have gone there.

Salah:

Did you ever see him?

Benar:

Have you ever seen him?

Latihan Soal Present Perfect Tense 

Present Perfect Tense Quiz (20 Multiple Choice)

Choose the best answer from A1 to B2 level, then click Check Answers.

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Frequently Asked Questions Tentang Present Perfect Tense 

Apa fungsi Present Perfect Tense?

Untuk pengalaman, tindakan baru selesai, dan kejadian yang masih berhubungan dengan sekarang.

Apa rumus Present Perfect Tense?

Subject + have/has + verb 3.

Apa beda Present Perfect dan Simple Past?

Simple Past untuk waktu spesifik di masa lalu, Present Perfect fokus pada hasil atau pengalaman.

Kapan memakai has dan have?

Has untuk he, she, it

Have untuk I, you, we, they

Kesimpulan

Present Perfect Tense adalah tense penting untuk menyatakan pengalaman, hasil, dan hubungan masa lalu dengan sekarang. Dengan memahami rumus, penggunaan, dan contoh kalimatnya, Anda akan lebih mudah memahami grammar bahasa Inggris.

References

Swan, Michael. Practical English Usage (4th ed.). Oxford University Press, 2016.

Azar, Betty Schrampfer, and Stacy A. Hagen. Understanding and Using English Grammar (5th ed.). Pearson Education.

Murphy, Raymond. English Grammar in Use (5th ed.). Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Hopkins, Diana, and Pauline Cullen. Grammar for IELTS. Cambridge University Press.